Discover the captivating world of Wassily Kandinsky, the master of abstract art, in this enlightening documentary. Alongside renowned artists like Picasso and Matisse, Kandinsky played a crucial role in the birth and development of abstract art in the early 20th century, a period characterized by the modern era and the influence of the industrial revolution. Influenced by various artistic movements such as Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism, Kandinsky’s paintings often feature abstract compositions that may resemble figures or horses. His work was deeply inspired by rural paintings found in churches, particularly the image of Saint George killing the dragon. Born in Moscow in 1866 and passing away in France in 1944, Kandinsky’s journey as an artist was one of exploration, reflection, and a dedication to the spiritual aspects of art, which he referred to as “inner necessity.” From his early landscapes and cityscapes to his later works combining geometric abstraction and biomorphism, Kandinsky’s art offers a unique and harmonious perspective that aims to touch the viewer’s soul with its power and beauty. This documentary takes you on a visual journey through the life and works of this extraordinary artist, showcasing the evolution of his style, his influences, and his everlasting impact on the world of abstract art.
Early Life and Influences
Birth and Death
Wassily Kandinsky, the master of abstract art, was born in Moscow in 1866 and passed away in France in 1944. His life spanned a significant period of artistic development, allowing him to witness and contribute to the birth of modern painting.
Influences from Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism
Kandinsky’s artwork was greatly influenced by various artistic movements such as Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. These movements emerged in the early 20th century, driven by the modern era and the rapid changes brought forth by the Industrial Revolution. The experimentation and exploration of new artistic methods in these movements paved the way for Kandinsky’s abstract art.
Influence of Rural Paintings and Saint George
One of the primary influences on Kandinsky’s art was rural paintings found in churches, particularly the image of Saint George killing the dragon. Kandinsky was captivated by the way these paintings depicted rural life and the spiritual narratives they conveyed. The image of Saint George resonated with him, ultimately inspiring some of his later works.
Development of Purely Abstract Art
Kandinsky’s journey as an artist led him to develop purely abstract artwork, which would become his signature style. This process was not sudden but rather the result of years of development and mature reflection. Kandinsky believed in the spiritual aspect of art and saw his art as an expression of “inner necessity,” a reflection of his own inner world and emotions.
Formative Years and Artistic Style
Start of Painting Career
Kandinsky began his painting career around 1895, at the age of 30. He settled in Munich, Germany, a city known for its vibrant artistic scene, and enrolled at the Fine Arts Academy. His start as a painter coincided with the rise of modernity, expressionism, and avant-garde painting, all of which influenced his early artistic style.
Settling in Munich
Kandinsky’s decision to settle in Munich provided him with an artistic environment that nurtured his growth as a painter. Munich was a hub of artistic movements and intellectual discussions, attracting artists from various backgrounds. Kandinsky was exposed to the ideas of his contemporaries and embraced the spirit of experimentation and innovation.
Influence of Modernity and Avant-Garde Painting
The influence of modernity and avant-garde painting on Kandinsky’s art cannot be overstated. The rapid changes of the modern era, with industrialization and advancements in technology, inspired artists like Kandinsky to explore new ways of representing the world around them. Avant-garde painting challenged traditional conventions and pushed artists to question the role of representation in their work.
Questioning the Role of Representation
As Kandinsky deepened his exploration of art, he began questioning the role of representation in painting. He questioned whether art should strive to represent the physical world accurately or if it should delve into the realm of emotions, ideas, and the spiritual. This questioning marked a significant turning point in Kandinsky’s artistic development.
Settling in Myanau
Seeking a more contemplative and inspiring environment, Kandinsky and some of his artist friends settled in Myanau, a village near Munich. The tranquil countryside provided them with the space and serenity to delve deeper into their artistic pursuits. Kandinsky’s time in Myanau allowed him to focus on his craft and develop his unique artistic style.
Early Works and Blue Rider Group
Focus on Landscapes and Cityscapes
Kandinsky’s early works focused on landscapes and cityscapes. These paintings captured the essence of the natural world and urban environments, allowing viewers to see familiar scenes through Kandinsky’s distinct artistic lens. His use of vibrant colors and bold strokes brought these landscapes to life.
Use of Large Strokes of Color
One of the defining characteristics of Kandinsky’s early works was his use of large strokes of color. These broad, expressive brushstrokes added a sense of energy and movement to his paintings, creating a dynamic visual experience for the viewer. Through his bold use of color, Kandinsky aimed to evoke emotions and capture the essence of his subjects.
Significance of 1910 in His Artistic Development
1910 was a significant year in Kandinsky’s artistic development. It was during this time that he co-founded the Blue Rider group and edited a collective almanac. The Blue Rider movement sought to promote the spiritual in art and break free from traditional artistic conventions. The ideas and discussions that took place within the group greatly influenced Kandinsky’s work and solidified his commitment to abstract art.
Involvement with the Blue Rider Group
Being a part of the Blue Rider group allowed Kandinsky to connect with like-minded artists who shared his passion for abstract and spiritual art. The group provided a platform for artistic exchange and collaboration, pushing the boundaries of traditional art. Kandinsky’s involvement with the Blue Rider group further shaped his artistic identity and solidified his place in the history of abstract art.
Belief in the Spiritual Essence of Reality
Throughout his career, Kandinsky believed in the spiritual essence of reality. He saw art as a tool to tap into the deepest emotions and spiritual experiences of both the artist and the viewer. Kandinsky aimed to convey these spiritual vibrations through his abstract compositions, inviting viewers to explore their own inner worlds and find meaning in his paintings.
Influence of Music and the Bauhaus
Inspiration from Arnold Schoenberg
Kandinsky drew inspiration from various sources, and music played a significant role in shaping his artistic vision. He was particularly inspired by the works of composer Arnold Schoenberg. Kandinsky saw parallels between the emotional depth and abstract nature of music and the possibilities inherent in abstract painting. This influence is evident in the harmonious and rhythmic quality of his artwork.
Impact of the Bauhaus Movement and the Weimar Republic
The Bauhaus movement and the Weimar Republic had a profound impact on Kandinsky’s art. The Bauhaus, with its emphasis on experimentation, craftsmanship, and the integration of art and design, resonated with Kandinsky’s own artistic ideals. The cultural and intellectual atmosphere of the Weimar Republic provided Kandinsky with the freedom to explore new artistic concepts and collaborate with other avant-garde artists.
Teaching at the Bauhaus
Kandinsky’s connection to the Bauhaus movement went beyond mere influence. He joined the faculty of the Bauhaus and taught there during its formative years. His role as a teacher allowed him to share his knowledge and ideas with a new generation of artists, fostering an environment of artistic experimentation and growth.
Integration of New Elements in Artistic Approach
Teaching at the Bauhaus gave Kandinsky the opportunity to integrate new elements into his artistic approach. He delved into the psychology of form, exploring the emotional and psychological impact of different shapes, colors, and compositions. This experimentation further expanded his understanding of the potential of abstract art.
Migration to Paris
The rise of the Nazi regime in Germany marked a turning point in Kandinsky’s life and career. In 1933, the Bauhaus was closed by the Nazis, and Kandinsky made the decision to leave Germany and migrate to Paris. Paris provided him with a new artistic environment, even though abstract art was not yet widely recognized or accepted in the city.
Parisian Years and Biomorphism
Synthesis of Previous Styles and Interests
During his time in Paris, Kandinsky synthesized his previous styles and interests into a cohesive artistic approach. He drew from his experiences with Impressionism, Cubism, and the spiritual essence of reality, combining them with new influences and ideas. This synthesis marked a significant evolution in Kandinsky’s artistic style and paved the way for the development of biomorphism.
Prominence of Biomorphism in His Works
Biomorphism became a prominent aspect of Kandinsky’s artworks during his Parisian years. Biomorphism refers to the incorporation of organic and curvilinear shapes inspired by nature. Kandinsky’s paintings began to depict abstract forms resembling animals, humans, and plants, with flowing lines and gentle curves. The inclusion of biomorphic elements added a sense of life and movement to his compositions.
Depiction of Animal, Human, and Plant Shapes
In his Parisian years, Kandinsky’s paintings increasingly explored the realm of the abstract, with a focus on shape and form. His use of biomorphic elements allowed him to depict animal, human, and plant shapes in a way that went beyond mere representation. These abstract shapes evoked emotions and ideas, inviting viewers to interpret and engage with his artwork on a deeper level.
Limited Output of Works in Paris
Interestingly, Kandinsky’s output of works during his time in Paris was relatively limited. This may be attributed to various factors, including his adjustment to a new environment and the challenging socio-political climate of the time. However, the works he did create in Paris showcased a refined and mature artistic style.
Change of Style and Isolation in Paris
Kandinsky’s move to Paris also marked a change in his artistic style. The isolation and lack of recognition for abstract art in the city pushed Kandinsky to explore new forms of artistic expression. He worked in a small apartment, mingling with Parisian art circles while seeking contacts and exhibition opportunities to sustain himself as an artist.
Experimentation and Contacts
Incorporation of Sand and Texture
In his quest for new forms of artistic expression, Kandinsky began incorporating sand and texture into his paintings. By adding these elements to the canvas, he added depth and tactile qualities to his artworks. This experimentation represented Kandinsky’s continued exploration of different mediums and techniques.
Incorporation of Childhood and Imagination
Kandinsky also began incorporating elements of childhood and imagination into his works during his Parisian years. Drawing inspiration from his own childhood experiences and the imaginative realm, he aimed to create art that evoked a sense of wonder and allowed viewers to tap into their own inner worlds of imagination.
Combination of Geometric Abstraction and Biomorphism
Kandinsky’s innovative approach to art led him to combine geometric abstraction with biomorphic forms. These contrasting elements allowed him to create intriguing visual compositions that balanced structure and fluidity, precision and spontaneity. The juxtaposition of geometric shapes and organic forms added complexity and depth to his paintings.
Exploration of Different Mediums
Kandinsky’s experimentation extended beyond the canvas as he explored different mediums. He ventured into different painting techniques, such as using pastel colors and black backgrounds, to evoke specific moods and atmospheres in his artworks. These explorations showcased Kandinsky’s eagerness to push the boundaries of what art could be.
Seeking Contacts and Exhibitions in Paris
Living and working in Paris, Kandinsky actively sought contacts and opportunities to exhibit his works. Despite the challenges and lack of recognition for abstract art, he was determined to share his artistic vision with a wider audience. His efforts to network and establish connections within the Parisian art circles were integral to his career as an artist.
Harmony and Refinement in His Works
Exploration of Space within the Painting
Kandinsky’s artworks during his Parisian years focused on the exploration of space within the painting. He sought to challenge traditional notions of composition and how space is represented in art. The organization of shapes, colors, and lines on the canvas played a crucial role in creating a harmonious and balanced visual experience.
Composition, Colors, and Shapes
The composition of Kandinsky’s paintings was a meticulous and deliberate process. Every brushstroke and color choice contributed to the overall harmony and balance of the piece. He carefully selected colors and shapes to evoke specific emotions and create a sense of unity within the composition.
Deeper Observation Required to Appreciate Works
Appreciating Kandinsky’s art often requires deeper observation and engagement. His paintings go beyond surface-level aesthetics, inviting viewers to delve into the layers of meaning and emotion embedded in his artwork. The complexity of his compositions and the subtleties within his brushwork warrant a more contemplative and immersive viewing experience.
Challenges and Stigmatization in Nazi Germany
The rise of Nazi Germany posed significant challenges and stigmatization for Kandinsky and his artwork. The Nazi regime rejected abstract art, considering it degenerate and incompatible with their ideology. Kandinsky’s art, with its emphasis on spiritual and abstract concepts, faced condemnation and suppression during this period.
Major Exhibitions and Retrospective in Switzerland
Despite the challenges he faced in Nazi Germany, Kandinsky continued to exhibit his works on a broader stage. He participated in major exhibitions and had a retrospective in Bern, Switzerland in 1937. These exhibitions allowed audiences to experience the power and beauty of Kandinsky’s art, solidifying his place as a significant figure in the art world.
Late Works and Legacy
Compartmented Paintings and New Dimensions
Kandinsky’s late works saw a departure from traditional compositions. He introduced the concept of compartmented paintings, creating new dimensions within his artworks. These compartmented spaces added visual interest and complexity, challenging viewers to explore the relationships between different elements within the painting.
Mix of Abstraction and Figuration
Kandinsky’s late works exhibited a mix of abstraction and figuration. He continued to incorporate abstract elements and biomorphic forms, but with a hint of recognizable shapes and figures. This blending of abstraction and figuration added a sense of intrigue and allowed viewers to interpret his artworks in multiple ways.
Nature’s Influence on His Works
Nature had a profound influence on Kandinsky’s late works. His paintings often drew inspiration from the organic world, capturing the essence of plants, animals, and natural phenomena. The abstract shapes and lines he used echoed the beauty and complexity of the natural world, creating a visual representation of his connection to nature.
Border Between Decorative Arts and Painting
Kandinsky’s art often blurred the border between decorative arts and painting. His aesthetic choices and use of vibrant colors gave his artworks a decorative quality, reminiscent of intricate designs and patterns. This integration of decorative elements added richness and visual interest to his paintings.
Selected Paintings: ‘Colorful Ensemble’ and ‘Sky Blue’
Two notable examples of Kandinsky’s late works are ‘Colorful Ensemble’ and ‘Sky Blue.’ ‘Colorful Ensemble’ reflects Kandinsky’s interest in nature and the decorative arts. The painting features a vibrant color palette and intricate patterns, conveying a sense of life and energy. ‘Sky Blue,’ created in 1940, showcases Kandinsky’s ode to life and the imaginary world. It captures a sense of joy and freedom through its use of bold brushwork and expressive colors.
Composition and Subtlety
Precise and Subtle Composition Work
Kandinsky’s compositions were characterized by their precision and subtlety. Every element within a painting was carefully considered and placed to create a harmonious and balanced composition. His meticulous approach to composition ensured that each brushstroke served a purpose and contributed to the overall aesthetic.
One of His Last Compositions: ‘Reciprocal Accords’
‘Reciprocal Accords’ stands as one of Kandinsky’s last compositions and is a testament to his continued exploration of form and color. The painting showcases tension through somber hues and captures a sense of movement and energy. It exemplifies Kandinsky’s ability to evoke emotions through the subtle manipulation of color and shape.
Paintings on Photographic Cartons
Toward the end of his life, Kandinsky began working on photographic cartons. These unconventional canvases allowed him to experiment with different materials and surfaces. By painting on photographic cartons, Kandinsky further expanded the boundaries of his artistic expression and created unique works that challenged traditional artistic norms.
Continued Artistic Expression in the Face of Adversity
Despite facing adversity throughout his life, Kandinsky continued to express himself through his art. His unwavering passion for painting and devotion to abstract art allowed him to push boundaries and create art that transcended societal expectations. Kandinsky’s determination to explore and innovate, even in the face of challenges, is a testament to his lasting impact as an artist.
Legacy and Works Held by Guggenheim Museum and Centre Pompidou
Following Kandinsky’s passing, his legacy was managed by Nina Kandinsky, his widow. She ensured that his works were preserved and showcased for future generations. Today, Kandinsky’s paintings can be found in prestigious institutions such as the Guggenheim Museum in New York and the Centre Pompidou in Paris. These collections serve as a testament to the power and importance of Kandinsky’s art.
Conclusion
Wassily Kandinsky, the master of abstract art, used his unique artistic language to improve the human soul through beauty. His artwork transcends conventional representation, aiming to evoke emotions and tap into the spiritual realm. Kandinsky’s legacy is managed by Nina Kandinsky, who ensured his works were preserved and recognized by institutions such as the Centre Pompidou. Today, Kandinsky’s art continues to inspire and captivate audiences, demonstrating the enduring power and importance of his artistic contributions.